Home / Branded clothing and merchandise with your logo / Sustainability / What is a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)?

An LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) is a standardised measurement of a product’s environmental impact according to ISO 14040 and 14044. It looks at five phases: raw materials, production, transport, use and end of life.

The five phases

  • Raw materials: extraction and processing (e.g. cotton growing).
  • Production: spinning yarn, weaving, dyeing, garment making.
  • Transport: shipping from factory to warehouse.
  • Use: washes, energy, water.
  • End of life: recycling, reuse, incineration or landfill.

Impact categories

  • Climate impact (kg CO2 equivalent).
  • Water use (litres).
  • Land use (m2).
  • Toxicity and eutrophication.
  • Fossil energy use.

When to request an LCA

For projects of 1,000 pieces or more, we have a product-specific LCA carried out by an accredited partner. For smaller projects, we provide LCA-based estimates using the Higg Materials Sustainability Index and Textile Exchange data.

More on our carbon footprint page.